African Union AU

Formed in 2002 as the successor to the Organization of African Unity, the African Union (AU) was established as the manifestation of an African continent that was free, united, and in control of its own future. The AU comprises all 55 African countries and concerns itself primarily with increasing cooperation and integration between member states in order to drive economic growth and development across the continent. Consequently, the AU has a wide mandate and a growing list of aims and objectives as the world moves forward and new challenges emerge. This, however, means that some issues that have been on the docket for some time get tabled in favour of newer issues. This year, the topics of the AU aim to highlight some of the issues that have slid down the list of priority.

Topic A: Drought and Desertification
Desertification is the process where fertile land becomes unsuitable for agriculture and turns into desert. Drought and desertification are problems that have plagued the continent for decades and have had significant impact on economies and social structures, exacerbated existing vulnerabilities like ethnic conflicts, and hindered development. Approximately 32% of the continent is already classified as desert, and over 45% of the continent is at risk of complete land degradation by 2063. This topic invites delegates to examine the interconnected causes and consequences of drought and desertification—from climate change and unsustainable land use to conflict and displacement. They will also explore innovative and sustainable solutions to address these challenges.

Topic B: The Representation of Women in Politics
In 2003, the AU adopted the Protocol to the African charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (better known as the Maputo Protocol) which went into effect in 2005. The Maputo Protocol was meant to be a step forward in the safeguarding of women’s rights, including their right to participation in the political and decision-making process (Article XI). However, to date only 44 of the 55 member states of the AU are legally bound by the Maputo Protocol, and although some progress has been made, the representation of women in politics remains below 24% on average. This topic invites delegates to think about how women have historically been disadvantaged when it comes to political participation and what further steps can be taken toward equal and effective participation of women in politics.

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